🚀 Linux Fundamentals for DevOps
🔍 Introduction
Linux is the backbone of modern DevOps environments, powering cloud infrastructure, automation tools, and CI/CD pipelines. Understanding Linux fundamentals is essential for system administration, scripting, security, and networking in a DevOps ecosystem.
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📌 Why Linux for DevOps?
✅ Most DevOps tools run on Linux – Docker, Kubernetes, Jenkins, Ansible, Terraform.
✅ Command-line interface (CLI) mastery – Essential for automation and scripting.
✅ System reliability and performance – Linux is lightweight, secure, and highly customizable.
✅ Cloud and container compatibility – Linux is the primary OS for AWS, Azure, GCP, and Kubernetes.
📌 Linux File System & Directory Structure
Understanding the Linux file system is crucial for managing applications and configurations.
Key Directories:
📂 /root – Home directory for the root user.
📂 /home – User-specific home directories.
📂 /etc – Configuration files for the system and services.
📂 /var – Variable data, logs, caches, and temporary files.
📂 /bin & /sbin – Essential system binaries and administrative commands.
📂 /usr – User binaries and applications.
📌 Essential Linux Commands for DevOps
🔹 File Management:
ls -la # List files with details
cd /path # Change directory
touch file # Create an empty file
rm -rf dir # Remove files/directories recursively
mv src dest # Move or rename files
cp -r src dest # Copy files/directories
🔹 Process Management:
ps aux # View running processes
kill -9 PID # Forcefully kill a process
top / htop # Monitor system performance
🔹 User & Permission Management:
whoami # Display current user
sudo su # Switch to root user
chmod 755 file # Modify file permissions
chown user:group file # Change file ownership
🔹 Networking & System Monitoring:
ifconfig / ip a # Check IP address
ping google.com # Test network connectivity
netstat -tulnp # View open ports and services
📌 Linux Package Management
Installing, updating, and managing software packages varies across Linux distributions.
🔹 Debian-based (Ubuntu, Debian):
apt update && apt upgrade -y # Update system packages
apt install package_name # Install a package
apt remove package_name # Remove a package
🔹 RHEL-based (CentOS, Fedora, RedHat):
yum install package_name # Install a package
yum update -y # Update packages
yum remove package_name # Remove a package
📌 Bash Scripting & Automation
Automation is a key part of DevOps, and Bash scripting is essential for automating tasks.
Simple Bash Script Example:
#!/bin/bash
echo "Hello, DevOps!"
Run the script using:
chmod +x script.sh
./script.sh
📌 Linux Logs & Troubleshooting
🔹 Viewing Logs:
tail -f /var/log/syslog # View system logs in real time
dmesg | less # Check kernel logs
journalctl -xe # View detailed logs for services
🔹 Troubleshooting Commands:
free -m # Check memory usage
df -h # Disk space usage
uptime # System uptime
history # View command history
📌 Conclusion
Mastering Linux fundamentals is the first step towards becoming a successful DevOps engineer. From command-line operations to automation with Bash, Linux skills are crucial for managing cloud environments, containers, and CI/CD pipelines.
📢 Next Steps: Ready to dive deeper? Our next topic is Networking Basics for DevOps! 🚀
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