🚀 Linux Basics for DevOps
🔍 Introduction
Linux is the backbone of modern IT infrastructure and a must-know operating system for DevOps professionals. This guide covers the fundamental concepts, commands, and utilities required to start with Linux.
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📌 1. Understanding Linux & Its Distributions
What is Linux?
Linux is an open-source, Unix-like operating system used for servers, cloud environments, and DevOps automation.
Popular Linux Distributions (Distros)
🔹 Ubuntu – Beginner-friendly, widely used in cloud environments.
🔹 CentOS / RHEL – Enterprise-focused with long-term support.
🔹 Debian – Stable and secure, often used for servers.
🔹 Arch Linux – Lightweight and customizable.
📌 2. Linux File System Structure
/ (Root) - Base of the Linux file system.
/bin - Essential binaries (ls, cat, cp, mv).
/etc - System configuration files.
/home - User home directories.
/var - Variable files (logs, cache).
/tmp - Temporary files.
/dev - Device files.
/mnt - Mounted file systems.
📌 3. Basic Linux Commands
File & Directory Operations
ls # List files and directories
pwd # Show current directory
cd /path # Change directory
mkdir new_folder # Create a directory
rm -rf file # Delete file or folder
File Viewing Commands
cat file.txt # View file content
tac file.txt # View file in reverse
head -n 10 file.txt # Show first 10 lines
tail -n 10 file.txt # Show last 10 lines
less file.txt # Scroll through a file
📌 4. User & Permission Management
User Management Commands
whoami # Show current user
id # Display user ID and group ID
adduser devops_user # Add a new user
passwd devops_user # Set user password
File Permissions
ls -l file # Show file permissions
chmod 755 file # Change file permissions
chown user:group file # Change file ownership
📌 5. Process & System Management
ps aux # Show running processes
top # Real-time system monitoring
htop # Interactive process viewer
kill -9 PID # Terminate a process
System Monitoring
uptime # Show system uptime
free -m # Display memory usage
df -h # Show disk space usage
📌 6. Package Management
Debian-based Systems (Ubuntu, Debian)
apt update # Update package list
apt install package_name # Install a package
apt remove package_name # Remove a package
Red Hat-based Systems (CentOS, RHEL)
yum update # Update package list
yum install package_name # Install a package
yum remove package_name # Remove a package
📌 7. Networking Basics in Linux
ip a # Show IP addresses
ifconfig # Check network interfaces
ping 8.8.8.8 # Check connectivity
netstat -tulnp # Show open ports
📌 8. Bash Scripting Basics
Creating a Simple Script
#!/bin/bash
echo "Hello, DevOps!"
Running a Script
chmod +x script.sh # Make the script executable
./script.sh # Execute the script
📌 Conclusion
This guide provides the foundation needed for DevOps professionals to get started with Linux. In the next section, we will take a Deep Dive into Advanced Linux Concepts, covering system administration, security, process automation, and troubleshooting.
🚀 Stay tuned for the next chapter: Linux Deep Dive!
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