🏗️ Kubernetes Architecture – Understanding Nodes, Pods, Services, and Deployments
Kubernetes follows a master-worker architecture, where multiple components work together to manage, scale, and deploy containerized applications. Understanding these components is crucial for mastering Kubernetes.
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🏛️ Kubernetes Architecture Overview
Kubernetes is built on a cluster-based architecture that consists of:
✅ Master Node (Control Plane) – Manages the cluster and schedules workloads.
✅ Worker Nodes – Run the applications inside Pods.
✅ Key Components – API Server, Scheduler, Controller Manager, etc.
Let's break down each component in detail.
⚙️ 1️⃣ Master Node (Control Plane)
The Master Node is responsible for managing the entire cluster. It consists of multiple components:
🔹 API Server – The entry point for all Kubernetes operations.
🔹 Scheduler – Assigns Pods to the best-suited worker nodes.
🔹 Controller Manager – Ensures the cluster stays in the desired state.
🔹 etcd – A distributed key-value store that holds all cluster data.
🔹 How Master Node Works
1️⃣ Receives user requests via kubectl or API.
2️⃣ Schedules workloads based on available resources.
3️⃣ Monitors and maintains the cluster state.
🖥️ 2️⃣ Worker Nodes – Running Your Applications
Worker nodes are responsible for running containers inside Pods. Each worker node contains:
🔹 Kubelet – Manages Pods and communicates with the Master Node.
🔹 Kube Proxy – Handles networking and load balancing.
🔹 Container Runtime (Docker, containerd, etc.) – Runs containerized applications.
🔹 How Worker Nodes Work
1️⃣ The Master Node schedules Pods to a Worker Node.
2️⃣ The Kubelet pulls the necessary container images.
3️⃣ The Container Runtime runs the application inside a Pod.
📦 3️⃣ Pods – The Smallest Deployable Unit in Kubernetes
A Pod is a group of one or more containers that share storage, network, and runtime settings.
🔹 Each Pod has a unique IP address.
🔹 Containers inside a Pod can communicate with each other using localhost.
🔹 Pods are ephemeral (they can be destroyed and recreated).
🔹 Example: Creating a Pod
🔹 This creates a Pod running an Nginx container.
🔄 4️⃣ Deployments – Managing Application Lifecycle
A Deployment helps automate the management of multiple identical Pods.
🔹 Ensures high availability and scalability.
🔹 Supports rolling updates and version rollback.
🔹 Example: Creating a Deployment
🔹 This creates a Deployment with a ReplicaSet that maintains the desired number of Pods.
🔹 Scaling a Deployment
🔹 This ensures Kubernetes always maintains 3 running Pods.
🔗 5️⃣ Services – Enabling Communication Between Pods
A Service is used to expose a set of Pods and ensure stable communication.
🔹 ClusterIP – Default service type (accessible only within the cluster).
🔹 NodePort – Exposes the service on a static port on each node.
🔹 LoadBalancer – Uses an external load balancer (for cloud environments).
🔹 Example: Exposing a Deployment as a Service
🔹 This creates a NodePort service, making it accessible from outside the cluster.
🏆 Summary – Kubernetes Architecture at a Glance
| Component | Role |
|---|---|
| Master Node | Manages the cluster (API Server, Scheduler, etc.) |
| Worker Nodes | Run applications inside Pods |
| Pods | Smallest deployable unit, contains containers |
| Deployments | Manage scaling and updates of Pods |
| Services | Enable communication between Pods |
📢 Next Up: Managing Kubernetes Pods – Running and Controlling Containerized Applications!
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