🔟 Git Hooks

Git Hooks are scripts that run automatically before or after certain Git events, such as commits, pushes, and merges. They help automate tasks, enforce coding standards, and improve workflow efficiency.

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🔹 What are Git Hooks?

Git Hooks allow you to execute custom scripts at different stages of the Git workflow. These scripts are stored in the .git/hooks/ directory inside a repository.

There are two types of Git Hooks:
1️⃣ Client-Side Hooks – Run on a developer's local machine during actions like committing, merging, or checking out code.
2️⃣ Server-Side Hooks – Run on the remote repository server when pushing or receiving code.

Common use cases for Git Hooks include:
✅ Running code linters before committing.
✅ Preventing bad commits (e.g., missing JIRA IDs in commit messages).
✅ Automating tests before allowing a push.
✅ Sending notifications after a push.

🔹 Pre-Commit and Post-Commit Hooks

1️⃣ Pre-Commit Hook

Runs before a commit is made. It helps prevent bad commits by running checks like:

Code formatting checks
Running tests
Checking for sensitive data

📌 Example: Prevent committing debug statements
Create a pre-commit hook inside .git/hooks/:


#!/bin/bash
if grep -R "console.log" *; then
  echo "❌ ERROR: Remove console.log statements before committing!"
  exit 1
fi

Make it executable:


chmod +x .git/hooks/pre-commit

Now, every time you try to commit, this script will block the commit if it finds console.log statements.

2️⃣ Post-Commit Hook

Runs after a commit is made. Useful for:

Sending notifications
Automatically pushing commits to a backup server

📌 Example: Notify after a commit
Create a post-commit hook:


#!/bin/bash
echo "✅ Commit successful! Don't forget to push your changes."

This will display a message after every commit.

🔹 Automating Git Workflows with Hooks

Hooks can automate many processes, such as:
✅ Pre-Push Hooks – Run tests before allowing git push.
✅ Pre-Receive Hooks – Enforce policies on the remote repository.
✅ Update Hooks – Validate new commits before they are accepted.

Using Git Hooks in a Team

By default, Git Hooks are stored in .git/hooks/ and are not versioned. To share them across a team:
1️⃣ Store hooks in a separate directory (e.g., .githooks/).
2️⃣ Configure Git to use them:


git config core.hooksPath .githooks/

🔹 Best Practices for Git Hooks

✅ Keep hooks lightweight to avoid slowing down Git operations.
✅ Use hooks consistently across teams by versioning them.
✅ Combine hooks with CI/CD pipelines for advanced automation.
✅ Ensure hooks are well-documented so the team understands them.

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