🌐 Essential Networking Commands for DevOps 🚀
Networking is a critical skill for DevOps engineers, as it helps in managing cloud environments, troubleshooting connectivity issues, securing servers, and optimizing performance. Here’s a comprehensive list of networking commands categorized for easy understanding.
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1️⃣ Check Network Configuration & Interfaces
✔️ ifconfig (Deprecated, use ip a) → Show network interfaces & IPs
✔️ ip a → Display all IP addresses assigned to interfaces
✔️ ip r → Show routing table
✔️ ip link show → Display network interfaces
✔️ nmcli device show → Get detailed network device info (for NetworkManager systems)
2️⃣ Test Connectivity & Diagnose Network Issues
✔️ ping <host> → Check connectivity with a remote server
✔️ ping -c 5 <host> → Send 5 ICMP packets and stop
✔️ traceroute <host> → Show the path packets take to a destination
✔️ mtr <host> → Real-time traceroute with packet loss statistics
✔️ curl -I <URL> → Get HTTP headers of a website
✔️ wget <URL> → Download a file from a URL
✔️ nc -zv <host> <port> → Check if a port is open
3️⃣ Monitor Network Traffic & Performance
✔️ netstat -tulnp → Show open ports and listening services
✔️ ss -tulnp → Alternative to netstat for socket statistics
✔️ iftop → Monitor real-time network bandwidth usage
✔️ bmon → Display real-time network traffic graph
✔️ ip -s link → Show network interface statistics
✔️ sar -n DEV 1 5 → Show network stats every 1 second for 5 times
✔️ vnstat -l → Monitor live network traffic
✔️ tcpdump -i eth0 → Capture packets on a specific interface
✔️ tcpdump -c 10 -i eth0 port 80 → Capture first 10 HTTP packets
4️⃣ DNS & Domain Resolution Commands
✔️ nslookup <domain> → Query domain’s IP address
✔️ dig <domain> → Detailed DNS lookup
✔️ dig +short <domain> → Get only the IP of a domain
✔️ host <domain> → Find DNS records of a domain
✔️ whois <domain> → Get domain registration details
5️⃣ Firewall & Security Commands
✔️ iptables -L → List all firewall rules
✔️ iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT → Allow SSH (port 22)
✔️ ufw status → Check firewall status (Ubuntu-based)
✔️ ufw allow 80 → Allow HTTP traffic
✔️ firewalld --list-all → Show firewall rules (CentOS-based)
✔️ firewalld --add-port=443/tcp --permanent → Allow HTTPS traffic
6️⃣ Network Troubleshooting & Debugging
✔️ arp -a → Display ARP table (MAC-IP mappings)
✔️ ethtool eth0 → Get network interface details
✔️ route -n → Show routing table
✔️ ip route get <IP> → Find which interface will be used to reach an IP
✔️ nc -v <host> <port> → Check if a remote port is open
✔️ tcpdump -i any port 22 → Capture SSH traffic
7️⃣ Remote Access & Secure Connections
✔️ ssh user@host → Connect to a remote server
✔️ ssh -i key.pem user@host → Connect using an SSH key
✔️ scp file.txt user@host:/path/ → Copy a file securely over SSH
✔️ rsync -avz <source> <destination> → Sync files over SSH
✔️ telnet <host> <port> → Test if a service is running on a port
📌 Summary & Next Steps 🚀
✔️ These networking commands will help DevOps engineers manage, monitor, and troubleshoot network-related issues.
✔️ Now, we can deep dive into each topic, starting with Networking Basics & Fundamentals!
📢 Which networking topic should we explore next? IP Addressing, Subnetting, Firewalls, or Network Troubleshooting? 🚀
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