📌 Essential Git Commands for DevOps

 

Essential Git Commands for DevOps

🔹 Understanding Git Commands
Git provides a powerful set of commands to manage source code efficiently. Here’s a list of all essential Git commands categorized based on their functionality.

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1️⃣ Git Setup & Configuration

git --version                # Check installed Git version  
git config --global user.name "Your Name"  
git config --global user.email "your@email.com"  
git config --global core.editor "vim"  # Set default editor  
git config --list              # View all Git configurations  

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2️⃣ Initializing & Cloning Repositories

git init                    # Initialize a new Git repository  
git clone <repo_URL>        # Clone a remote repository  

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3️⃣ Staging & Committing Changes

git status                  # Check the status of working directory  
git add <file>              # Add a specific file to staging  
git add .                   # Add all changes to staging  
git commit -m "Commit message"  # Commit changes  
git commit -am "Commit message" # Add & commit in one step  

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4️⃣ Viewing Commit History

git log                     # View commit history  
git log --oneline           # View short log format  
git log --graph --decorate --oneline --all # Visual commit history  
git show <commit_hash>      # Show details of a specific commit  

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5️⃣ Branching & Merging

git branch                  # List all branches  
git branch <branch_name>    # Create a new branch  
git checkout <branch_name>  # Switch to another branch  
git checkout -b <branch_name>  # Create & switch to a new branch  
git merge <branch_name>     # Merge another branch into the current one  
git branch -d <branch_name> # Delete a branch  

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6️⃣ Working with Remote Repositories

git remote -v               # View remote repositories  
git remote add origin <repo_URL>  # Connect local repo to a remote  
git push origin <branch>    # Push changes to remote  
git pull origin <branch>    # Pull latest changes from remote  
git fetch                   # Fetch changes without merging  
git clone <repo_URL>        # Clone a repository  

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7️⃣ Undoing Changes (Reset, Revert, Restore)

git reset --soft HEAD~1     # Undo last commit but keep changes staged  
git reset --mixed HEAD~1    # Undo last commit but keep changes unstaged  
git reset --hard HEAD~1     # Undo last commit and discard changes  
git revert <commit_hash>    # Create a new commit that undoes changes  
git restore <file>          # Restore file to last committed state  

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8️⃣ Stashing Changes

git stash                   # Save uncommitted changes for later  
git stash list              # List all stashes  
git stash pop               # Apply latest stash and remove it  
git stash apply stash@{n}   # Apply a specific stash  

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9️⃣ Rebasing & Interactive Rebase

git rebase <branch>         # Rebase current branch onto another  
git rebase -i HEAD~n        # Interactive rebase for last 'n' commits  

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🔟 Git Tags

git tag <tag_name>          # Create a new tag  
git tag -a <tag_name> -m "Tag message"  # Create an annotated tag  
git push origin <tag_name>  # Push tag to remote  
git tag -d <tag_name>       # Delete a local tag  
git push origin --delete <tag_name> # Delete remote tag  

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1️⃣1️⃣ Git Hooks

# Hooks are located in .git/hooks directory  
pre-commit  # Runs before commit  
pre-push    # Runs before pushing to remote  
post-commit # Runs after commit  

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1️⃣2️⃣ Working with .gitignore & Large Files

echo "node_modules/" >> .gitignore  # Ignore files/folders  
git lfs track "*.mp4"  # Track large files  

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1️⃣3️⃣ Git Workflows & Branching Strategies

# Common branching strategies
GitFlow
Trunk-Based Development
Feature Branching
GitHub Flow

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✅ Summary & Best Practices

• Always commit frequently with meaningful messages.
• Use branches for features and fixes instead of working on main.
• Regularly pull from remote to stay updated.
• Use git stash to save changes before switching branches.
• Avoid git reset --hard unless absolutely necessary.

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📌 That’s a complete Git command reference for DevOps! 🚀
Now, you have everything needed to work with Git efficiently.

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