1️⃣2️⃣ Git Ignore & Git Large File Storage (LFS)

 

1️⃣2️⃣ Git Ignore & Git Large File Storage (LFS)

Git provides ways to ignore unnecessary files and handle large files efficiently, ensuring your repository remains clean and optimized.

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🔹 .gitignore File – Ignoring Unwanted Files

Sometimes, there are files you don’t want to track in Git, such as:
✅ Temporary files (.log, .tmp, .swp)
✅ System-generated files (.DS_Store, Thumbs.db)
✅ Compiled code (.class, .o, .exe)
✅ Environment files (.env, node_modules, venv)

You can tell Git to ignore such files by creating a .gitignore file.

1️⃣ Creating a .gitignore File

To create a .gitignore file, simply run:

touch .gitignore

Then, open it and add the files or directories to ignore:

# Ignore system files
.DS_Store  
Thumbs.db  

# Ignore logs and temp files
*.log  
*.tmp  

# Ignore compiled files
*.o  
*.class  

✅ To check which ignored files exist in your repo:

git status --ignored

✅ To apply changes after modifying .gitignore:

git rm -r --cached .
git add .
git commit -m "Updated .gitignore"

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🔹 Handling Large Files with Git LFS

By default, Git is not designed for large binary files (such as videos, images, or large datasets). Git Large File Storage (LFS) helps manage large files without bloating your repository.

1️⃣ Installing Git LFS

Install Git LFS using:

# For Windows
choco install git-lfs  

# For Mac
brew install git-lfs  

# For Linux
curl -s https://packagecloud.io/install/repositories/github/git-lfs/script.deb.sh | sudo bash
sudo apt install git-lfs

After installing, initialize Git LFS in your repository:

git lfs install

2️⃣ Tracking Large Files with Git LFS

To track specific file types (e.g., .psd, .mp4, .zip), use:

git lfs track "*.psd"
git lfs track "*.mp4"

This creates a .gitattributes file, which Git uses to manage large files.

✅ To check tracked files:

git lfs ls-files

3️⃣ Committing Large Files

Once tracked, commit the large files as usual:

git add .gitattributes
git add largefile.mp4
git commit -m "Added large file with Git LFS"
git push origin main

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🔹 Benefits of Git LFS

✅ Reduces repository size by storing only pointers to large files.
✅ Speeds up Git operations by avoiding unnecessary file transfers.
✅ Efficient for teams working with media, datasets, or binaries.

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🔹 Best Practices

✔️ Always use .gitignore to keep your repository clean.
✔️ Use Git LFS only for large binary files.
✔️ Regularly check ignored files using git status --ignored.
✔️ Avoid tracking unnecessary files before committing.

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By using .gitignore and Git LFS, you can keep your repository lightweight, clean, and efficient! 🚀

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