1️⃣1️⃣ Git Submodules

Git Submodules allow you to include one Git repository inside another as a dependency. They help manage external projects or shared libraries in a structured way without merging them into your main repository.

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🔹 What are Submodules?

A submodule is a reference to an external Git repository inside a main repository. It allows you to:
✅ Use an external project without copying its code into your repo.
✅ Keep the submodule separate but still track its version.
✅ Maintain different versions of the submodule for different projects.

📌 Example Use Case:
Imagine you are developing a project that depends on a common UI library maintained separately. Instead of copying the UI library’s code, you can add it as a Git submodule and track changes independently.

🔹 Adding & Cloning Submodules

1️⃣ Adding a Submodule

To add a submodule to your repository, use:


git submodule add <repository_url> <path>

📌 Example: Adding a UI library as a submodule inside a libs/ directory:


git submodule add https://github.com/example/ui-library.git libs/ui-library

This will:

Clone the submodule into libs/ui-library.
Create a .gitmodules file to track the submodule reference.

✅ Check the status of submodules:


git submodule status

2️⃣ Cloning a Repository with Submodules

When you clone a repository containing submodules, the submodules are not automatically fetched. You need to initialize and update them:


git clone <repository_url>
cd <repository_name>
git submodule update --init --recursive

✅ Shortcut to clone and initialize submodules in one step:


git clone --recurse-submodules <repository_url>

🔹 Updating Submodules

If the submodule has updates from the original repo, pull the latest changes:


git submodule update --remote

✅ If you want to update all submodules:


git submodule update --init --recursive

✅ Switch to the latest commit of the submodule:


cd libs/ui-library
git pull origin main

🔹 Removing a Submodule

To remove a submodule from your repository:
1️⃣ Unregister the submodule:


git submodule deinit -f <path_to_submodule>

2️⃣ Remove the submodule directory:


rm -rf <path_to_submodule>

3️⃣ Delete the submodule reference from .gitmodules

4️⃣ Commit the changes

🔹 Best Practices for Using Submodules

✅ Use submodules when managing external dependencies.
✅ Always initialize submodules after cloning a repo.
✅ Regularly update submodules to track new changes.
✅ Ensure your team knows how to handle submodules to avoid confusion.

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